Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are not common in cats. Only 1-3% of cats with signs of urinary tract disease will have a urinary tract infection.
尿路感染 (UTI) 在猫身上中并不常见。只有1%-3%猫有泌尿道疾病迹象时出现泌尿道感染。
Because they can resemble so many other conditions, UTIs need to be distinguished from other conditions, such as crystals in the urine. Fortunately, by running some simple tests, your veterinarian will be able to tell the difference.
因为尿路感染与许多其他病状相似，所以需要将 UTI 与其他病状（如尿液结晶）区分开来。幸运的是，通过进行一些简单的测试，兽医能够分辨出差异。
In most cases, UTIs in cats are usually caused by bacteria. Bacterial urinary tract infections in cats are generally relatively easy to treat and respond well to medications. Chronic infections, or those that do not respond to regular medication, can require more testing to figure out why your cat is at higher risk for urinary tract infections.
在大多数情况下，猫尿路感染是由细菌引起，相对容易治疗并且对药物反应良好。慢性感染，或对常规药物没有反应的感染，可能需要更多的测试来弄清楚猫患尿路感染风险更高的原因。
Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections in Cats
猫尿路感染的症状
Most cats with urinary tract infections will make frequent trips to the litter box and seem restless. They may go into the box and strain to pee but produce either a small amount of urine or no urine at all. Occasionally, their urine may appear bloody.
大多数患有尿路感染的猫会经常去猫砂盆，看起来坐立不安。他们跳进猫砂盆并拉紧小便，但只会产生少量尿液或根本没有尿液。有时，尿液可能会带血。
Some cats will avoid the litter box because they have associated it with the discomfort caused by the UTI. Instead, they may urinate in other places in your home. Sinks, bathtubs, and clean laundry are popular spots. Your cat also may vomit and seem lethargic as the problem progresses—especially male cats.
有些猫会避开猫砂盆，因为它们会认为猫砂盆是引起尿路感染的祸首。所以，他们可能会在家中的其他地方小便，如水槽、浴缸和干净的洗衣房等。随着病情发展，您猫咪也可能会呕吐并显得昏昏欲睡——尤其是公猫。
In most cases, acute (sudden) and chronic urinary tract infections will cause very similar symptoms. However, some cats with the chronic form show no signs of disease.
在大多数情况下，急性（突然）和慢性尿路感染引起的症状非常相似。 然而，一些患有慢性病的猫可能没有任何疾病迹象。
Causes of Urinary Tract Infections in Cats
猫尿路感染原因
Both sudden and chronic urinary tract infections are caused by bacterial infections. The bacteria involved in UTIs usually come from either the gastrointestinal tract or lower down the urinary/reproductive tract. If your cat is older or has other medical conditions, they are more likely to develop bacterial urinary tract problems.
突发性和慢性尿路感染都是由细菌感染引起的。引起尿路感染的细菌通常来自胃肠道或下泌尿/生殖道。如果您的猫年龄较大或有其他疾病，它们出现细菌性尿路问题可能性更大。
How Vets Diagnose UTIs in Cats
兽医如何诊断猫的尿路感染
Vets diagnose urinary tract infections by collecting a urine sample and examining it for the presence of bacteria. These samples must be collected through a process called cystocentesis, where urine is drawn directly from the bladder with a fine needle. This is necessary to prevent contamination of the urine sample from cups, tables, or any other surface the urine may come into contact with.
兽医通过收集尿液样本并检查是否存在细菌来诊断尿路感染。 这些样本必须通过膀胱穿刺取样，用细针直接从膀胱中抽取尿液，防止尿液样本被杯子、桌子或尿液可能接触的任何其他表面污染。
After cystocentesis, your veterinarian will run a culture-and-sensitivity test. During this test, the bacteria are isolated and studied. This helps the vet determine the best antibiotics for your cat’s exact infection.
膀胱穿刺后，兽医将进行培养和敏感性测试。在该测试期间，细菌被分离和研究，有助于兽医针对猫咪感染确定最佳抗生素。
Occasionally, acute infections—especially first-time infections that show up suddenly—are treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic without trying to determine which bacteria are involved.
有时，急性感染（尤其是突然出现的首次感染）会使用广谱抗生素进行治疗，无需确定具体细菌类型。
Chronic infections, however, almost always require more testing to isolate the type of bacteria causing the problem and identify the best antibiotic.
然而，慢性感染总是需要更多的测试来分离引起病状的细菌类型，再确定最好的抗生素。
Treatment for UTIs in Cats
猫尿路感染的治疗
If you see any signs of UTI in your cat, take them to the vet. For male cats, it can be fatal to wait even a few hours. For female cats, feed them canned food only and see the vet within 24 hours. You should not try to treat the UTI at home with things like cranberry products, which have not been proven to be effective for UTIs in cats.
如果您在猫咪身上看到尿路感染的迹象，请带它们去看兽医。 对于公猫来说，等待哪怕几个小时也可能致命。 对于母猫，只喂它们罐头食品，并在 24 小时内去看兽医。不要在家中尝试用蔓越莓之类产品治疗尿路感染，您需要尽快带他们去医院。
Urinary tract infections in cats are usually treated with antibiotics. Often, vets also recommend feeding an all-canned diet for a period of time (or long-term) since dry foods often result in a more-concentrated urine, which can lead to urinary tract problems.
猫的尿路感染通常用抗生素治疗，兽医还建议在一段时间（或长期）内喂食全罐头饮食，因为干粮通常会导致尿液浓度更高，从而加重尿路问题。
If your cat is particularly uncomfortable, your vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory pain medication—especially if treatment is delayed a few days while you wait for test results. Acute infections usually receive a relatively short course of antibiotics, while chronic UTIs may require longer antibiotic use.
如果您的猫特别不舒服，兽医可能会开一些消炎止痛药——尤其是在您等待测试结果的过程中需要延迟几天治疗的情况下。急性感染的抗生素疗程通常相对较短，而慢性尿路感染使用抗生素时间可能更长。
Recovery and Management of UTIs in Cats
尿路感染恢复和管理
Most cats will fully recover within 7-10 days of developing a urinary tract infection, but they may need to remain on a canned diet for longer. Your vet may check a urine sample after treatment to determine if all the bacteria are gone.
大多数猫会在发生尿路感染后的 7-10 天内完全康复，但仍需要给他们喂食罐头猫粮更长时间。兽医可能也会在治疗后检查尿液样本，来确定所有细菌是否都消失。
Occasionally, cats will develop repeated urinary tract infections. Cats with recurring UTIs often require more testing to determine the underlying cause.
偶尔，猫会出现反复的尿路感染，此时需要更多的检查来确定根本原因。
UTIs in Cats FAQs
猫咪尿路感染常见问题
How can I treat my cat’s UTI at home?
如何在家治疗猫的尿路感染？
In most cases, vet treatment should be sought promptly if you suspect your cat has a urinary tract infections. In male cats, waiting even a few hours for treatment can prove fatal. In females, changing to an all-canned diet is a good start while you wait for your veterinary appointment, which should be scheduled within a few days of noticing symptoms.
在大多数情况下，如果您怀疑猫患有尿路感染，应立即寻求兽医治疗。 对于公猫，即使等待几个小时进行治疗也可能是致命的。 对于母猫，在您兽医预约等待时间，饮食就要改为全罐头饮食，应该在注意到症状时就开始改变。
Generally, after the veterinary appointment, you can take care of your cat at home with one or more prescribed medications and a canned-food diet.
一般来说，在兽医预约后，在家中可以使用一种或多种处方药和罐头食品来照顾您的猫。
Can cats get UTIs from a dirty litter box?
脏猫砂盆会造成猫咪尿路感染吗？
Some cats will try to hold their urine rather than use a dirty box, much like how people may choose not to use a filthy porta-potty. Holding in urine has the potential to cause urinary tract diseases, including urinary tract infections.
有些猫会尝试憋尿而不使用脏猫砂盆，就像人们不使用脏便盆一样。而憋尿可能导致尿路疾病，包括尿路感染。
Can a cat UTI go away by itself?
猫尿路感染会自行消失吗？
A healthy cat with a strong immune system may fight off a mild UTI that doesn’t have symptoms. If you see any symptoms, your cat likely requires treatment and should see the vet.
免疫系统强大的健康猫可以抵抗没有症状的轻度尿路感染。如果您看到任何症状，猫咪即需要治疗，应该去看兽医。
How long can a cat UTI go untreated?
猫尿路感染可以多久不治疗？
If your cat is male and showing symptoms of a UTI, he should go to the vet immediately.
如果您的猫是雄性并出现尿路感染症状，应立即去看兽医。
In female cats, if there are clinical signs, such as straining to urinate, urinating outside of the litter box, frequent smaller urinations, or blood in the urine, for longer than 1-2 days, she should go to the vet. UTIs can be quite uncomfortable and, if left untreated, may move into the kidneys (termed pyelonephritis) and cause infection throughout the body.
对于母猫，如果出现排尿用力、在猫砂盆外排尿、尿频、尿中带血等临床症状超过 1-2 天，则应去看兽医。尿路感染非常不舒服，如果不及时治疗，可能会进入肾脏（称为肾盂肾炎）并导致全身感染。
